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1 descriptive grammar
дескриптивная, описательная грамматикаБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > descriptive grammar
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Лингвистика: дескриптивная грамматика -
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дескриптивная, описательная грамматикаАнгло-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь > descriptive grammar
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דקדוק דסקריפטיבי (דקדוק מתאר, חקר השפה המקובלת בכתב ובע"פ ללא נקיטת עמדה)* * *◙ (הדמע תטיקנ אלל פ"עבו בתכב תלבוקמה הפשה רקח,ראתמ קודקד) יביטפירקסד קודקד◄ -
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x. 기술 문법 -
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Descriptieve grammatika (beschrijvende gram.) -
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deskriptiv grammatik (studie av det tal- och skriftspråket utan positionstagande) -
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s LINGÜÍSTICA gramàtica descriptiva, lingüística descriptiva -
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дескриптивная, описательная грамматика -
10 descriptive\ grammar
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дескриптивная, описательная грамматика -
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gramática descritivaDescrição de uma língua da forma como ela é encontrada em amostras da fala e da escrita. -
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விளக்கநிலை இலக்கணம் -
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tasviri gramer, betimsel dilbilgisi -
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['græmə]сущ.1) грамматика- context-free grammar
- comparative grammar
- descriptive grammar
- functional grammar
- generative grammar
- historical grammar
- phrase-structure grammar
- prescriptive grammar
- systemic grammar
- transformational grammarHe doesn't have mastery of the basic rules of grammar. — Он не знает основных правил грамматики.
His vocabulary was sound and his grammar excellent. — У него был большой словарный запас и блестящее знание грамматики.
Syn:5) основы, основные принципы, основные правила (в какой-л. отрасли науки или искусства)He might have studied the pure grammar of his art for a longer time. — Он, наверно, гораздо дольше изучал основы своего искусства.
The grammar of the film was established. — Были определены основные принципы фильма.
•Gram:[ref dict="LingvoGrammar (En-Ru)"]Grammar[/ref] -
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adjective1) anschaulich; beschreibend [Lyrik]; deskriptiv [Analyse]2) (not expressing feelings or judgements) deskriptiv* * *de·scrip·tive[dɪˈskrɪptɪv]adj beschreibend, veranschaulichendthis passage is very \descriptive dieser Abschnitt enthält eine ausführliche Beschreibung\descriptive statistics deskriptive Statistik* * *[dI'skrIptɪv]adj1) beschreibend; account, adjective, passage anschaulich2) linguistics, science etc deskriptiv* * *descriptive [dıˈskrıptıv] adj (adv descriptively)descriptive geometry MATH darstellende Geometrie;descriptive science deskriptive oder beschreibende Wissenschaft;be descriptive of sth etwas beschreiben oder bezeichnen2. anschaulich (geschrieben oder schreibend)* * *adjective1) anschaulich; beschreibend [Lyrik]; deskriptiv [Analyse]2) (not expressing feelings or judgements) deskriptiv* * *adj.beschreibend adj. -
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adj. \/dɪˈskrɪptɪv\/1) beskrivende, skildrende, deskriptiv2) ( grammatikk) deskriptivdescriptive of som beskriver, som skildrer -
18 Grammar
I think that the failure to offer a precise account of the notion "grammar" is not just a superficial defect in linguistic theory that can be remedied by adding one more definition. It seems to me that until this notion is clarified, no part of linguistic theory can achieve anything like a satisfactory development.... I have been discussing a grammar of a particular language here as analogous to a particular scientific theory, dealing with its subject matter (the set of sentences of this language) much as embryology or physics deals with its subject matter. (Chomsky, 1964, p. 213)Obviously, every speaker of a language has mastered and internalized a generative grammar that expresses his knowledge of his language. This is not to say that he is aware of the rules of grammar or even that he can become aware of them, or that his statements about his intuitive knowledge of his language are necessarily accurate. (Chomsky, 1965, p. 8)Much effort has been devoted to showing that the class of possible transformations can be substantially reduced without loss of descriptive power through the discovery of quite general conditions that all such rules and the representations they operate on and form must meet.... [The] transformational rules, at least for a substantial core grammar, can be reduced to the single rule, "Move alpha" (that is, "move any category anywhere"). (Mehler, Walker & Garrett, 1982, p. 21)4) The Relationship of Transformational Grammar to Semantics and to Human Performancehe implications of assuming a semantic memory for what we might call "generative psycholinguistics" are: that dichotomous judgments of semantic well-formedness versus anomaly are not essential or inherent to language performance; that the transformational component of a grammar is the part most relevant to performance models; that a generative grammar's role should be viewed as restricted to language production, whereas sentence understanding should be treated as a problem of extracting a cognitive representation of a text's message; that until some theoretical notion of cognitive representation is incorporated into linguistic conceptions, they are unlikely to provide either powerful language-processing programs or psychologically relevant theories.Although these implications conflict with the way others have viewed the relationship of transformational grammars to semantics and to human performance, they do not eliminate the importance of such grammars to psychologists, an importance stressed in, and indeed largely created by, the work of Chomsky. It is precisely because of a growing interdependence between such linguistic theory and psychological performance models that their relationship needs to be clarified. (Quillian, 1968, p. 260)here are some terminological distinctions that are crucial to explain, or else confusions can easily arise. In the formal study of grammar, a language is defined as a set of sentences, possibly infinite, where each sentence is a string of symbols or words. One can think of each sentence as having several representations linked together: one for its sound pattern, one for its meaning, one for the string of words constituting it, possibly others for other data structures such as the "surface structure" and "deep structure" that are held to mediate the mapping between sound and meaning. Because no finite system can store an infinite number of sentences, and because humans in particular are clearly not pullstring dolls that emit sentences from a finite stored list, one must explain human language abilities by imputing to them a grammar, which in the technical sense is a finite rule system, or programme, or circuit design, capable of generating and recognizing the sentences of a particular language. This "mental grammar" or "psychogrammar" is the neural system that allows us to speak and understand the possible word sequences of our native tongue. A grammar for a specific language is obviously acquired by a human during childhood, but there must be neural circuitry that actually carries out the acquisition process in the child, and this circuitry may be called the language faculty or language acquisition device. An important part of the language faculty is universal grammar, an implementation of a set of principles or constraints that govern the possible form of any human grammar. (Pinker, 1996, p. 263)A grammar of language L is essentially a theory of L. Any scientific theory is based on a finite number of observations, and it seeks to relate the observed phenomena and to predict new phenomena by constructing general laws in terms of hypothetical constructs.... Similarly a grammar of English is based on a finite corpus of utterances (observations), and it will contain certain grammatical rules (laws) stated in terms of the particular phonemes, phrases, etc., of English (hypothetical constructs). These rules express structural relations among the sentences of the corpus and the infinite number of sentences generated by the grammar beyond the corpus (predictions). (Chomsky, 1957, p. 49)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Grammar
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[dısʹkrıptıv] a1. 1) описательный; изобразительный, наглядныйdescriptive botany [anatomy] - описательная ботаника [анатомия]
descriptive attribute - грам. описательное /квалифицирующее/ определение
descriptive linguistics [grammar] - лингв. дескриптивная лингвистика [грамматика]
2) изобразительныйdescriptive talent - изобразительный дар, дар изображать (события, людей и т. п.)
2. отличающийся или изобилующий описаниями3. начертательный♢
descriptive list - воен. послужной список -
20 дескриптивная грамматика
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > дескриптивная грамматика
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См. также в других словарях:
descriptive grammar — noun a grammar that is produced by descriptive linguistics • Topics: ↑linguistics • Hypernyms: ↑grammar * * * 1. an approach to grammar that is concerned with reporting the usage of native speakers without reference to proposed norms of… … Useful english dictionary
descriptive grammar — /dəˈskrɪptɪv græmə/ (say duh skriptiv gramuh) noun a grammar based on observed usage rather than on prescriptive rules (opposed to prescriptive grammar) …
descriptive grammar — 1. an approach to grammar that is concerned with reporting the usage of native speakers without reference to proposed norms of correctness or advocacy of rules based on such norms. 2. a set of grammatical descriptions based on such an approach. * … Universalium
Grammar — is the field of linguistics that covers the rules governing the use of any given natural language. It includes morphology and syntax, often complemented by phonetics, phonology, semantics, and pragmatics. Each language has its own distinct… … Wikipedia
grammar — is the system by which words are used together to form meaningful utterances. It denotes both the system as it is found to exist in the use of a language (also called descriptive grammar) and the set of rules which form the basis of the standard… … Modern English usage
grammar — The systematic ways in which sentences of a language may be built. Grammar is typically studied independently of phonetics and semantics . Its two branches are syntax, or the way words make sentences, and morphology, which includes the… … Philosophy dictionary
descriptive — de•scrip•tive [[t]dɪˈskrɪp tɪv[/t]] adj. 1) serving to describe; characterized by description: a descriptive passage in an essay[/ex] 2) gram. a) (of an adjective or other modifier) expressing a quality of the word it modifies, as fresh in fresh… … From formal English to slang
Grammar Explorer — is a language learning resource that was co funded by the European Commission as part of its [http://ec.europa.eu/education/programmes/socrates/lingua/index en.html Lingua programme] within the SOCRATES programme. The grammar is based on the… … Wikipedia
Descriptive geometry — is the branch of geometry which allows the representation of three dimensional objects in two dimensions, by using a specific set of procedures. The resulting techniques are important for engineering, architecture, design and in art. [1] Drawing… … Wikipedia
descriptive — As applied to language, the term denotes a concept of grammar as describing actual practice rather than laying down theoretical rules. See prescriptive … Modern English usage
grammar — grammarless, adj. /gram euhr/, n. 1. the study of the way the sentences of a language are constructed; morphology and syntax. 2. these features or constructions themselves: English grammar. 3. an account of these features; a set of rules… … Universalium